烟草DREB转录因子新基因的克隆与功能分析

采用同源克隆及cDNA末端快速扩增法(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE),从烟草中克隆到1个新的烟草DREB基因,命名为NbDREB2a.序列分析表明该基因全长1191 bp,编码330个氨基酸,具有典型的DREB转录因子保守的AP2结构域.实时RT-PCR分析表明,该基因能在烟草的根、茎、叶中表达,受低温、干旱和高盐诱导.酵母转录激活实验证明,该基因可以特异性结合DRE顺式作用元件,并能激活报告基因的表达.为了研究该基因在植物抗逆反应中的功能,利用农杆菌介导法,将该基因转化到模式生物拟南芥中,筛选到了单拷贝插入的、纯合的拟南芥株系;对获得的转基因拟南芥进行干旱及高盐处理,结果表明,与对照相比,超量表达该基因能够明显地提高拟南芥对干旱及高盐的抗性.     

本生烟草组培再生及遗传转化的研究

[目的]获得本生烟草转胰高血糖素样肽-1基因植株。[方法]以本生烟草无菌苗叶片为外植体材料,建立本生烟草再生系统,通过农杆菌叶盘法浸染进行遗传转化,获得本生烟草转胰高血糖素样肽-1基因植株。[结果]通过多重比对和重复,确定本生烟草叶片最适分化培养基为MS＋1.5mg/L6-BA＋0.1mg/LNAA,生根培养基为MS＋0.1mg/LIBA;经由卡那霉素浓度梯度试验,确定选择压力为5mg/L卡那霉素;对经卡那霉素筛选获得的抗性芽进行GUS组织化学检测,获得阳性信号。[结论]初步证实外源基因胰高血糖素样肽-1已整合到本生烟草基因组中。     

大麦黄矮病毒运动蛋白在烟草中的瞬时表达

[目的]快速鉴定运动蛋白基因在烟草中的瞬时表达,进一步研究该外源基因的功能。[方法]将大麦黄矮病毒的运动蛋白基因定向克隆到马铃薯X病毒载体上,得到重组的马铃薯X病毒,电击转化农杆菌后,利用农杆菌渗透注射技术注射到本生烟草的叶片中,观察病毒对烟草的侵染状况。[结果]渗透注射后第7天观察,重组病毒载体侵染的烟草系统叶有病毒侵染症状,而对照组未有此现象。对2组试验进行逐日跟踪观察,重组病毒载体侵染的烟草有较严重的病毒侵染症状和叶片卷曲现象,后期引起注射叶及系统叶坏死。而空病毒载体侵染的烟草只有轻微的病毒侵染症状,并能够恢复健康。对侵染的烟草进行RT-PCR检测,结果表明外源基因BYDV-MP在烟草体内进行了正常的转录和表达。[结论]BYDV-MP蛋白促进了PVX的系统侵染速度,加重了系统侵染的病毒症状,是病毒病症的决定因子;利用PVX表达载体表达异源MP的方法是可行的。     

烟草WS38生长素结合蛋白基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

以烟草WS38为材料,根据GenBank中登录的烟草生长素结合蛋白(ABP1)氨基酸序列设计引物,通过RT-PCR克隆了烟草WS38ABP1基因cDNA分子编码区,序列全长为564bp,可编码1条188个氨基酸的多肽.利用ClustalX软件对该序列翻译获得的多肽序列与报道的烟草生长素结合蛋白氨基酸序列比较,两者同源性为98.4%,存在2个氨基酸的差异,但差异氨基酸对ABP1结构和功能影响微弱.认为克隆的cDNA序列即为烟草WS38ABP1cDNA,不同品种烟草ABP1基因存在的核苷酸单位点多态性(SNP)造成了两者氨基酸序列的差异.     

烟草属植物遗传多样性和亲缘进化关系的荧光AFLP分析#br#

【目的】研究烟草属不同亚属以及不同类型栽培烟草的遗传相似性关系,为明确烟草野生种和栽培烟草的遗传多样性水平、研究栽培烟草起源演化提供依据。【方法】利用CEQ8000遗传分析系统,对烟草属内4种类型的5份栽培烟草以及28份烟草野生种进行荧光AFLP分析,估算其遗传相似系数,并对28份烟草野生种、5份栽培烟草及其可能的祖先种分别进行UPGMA聚类分析。【结果】利用10对AFLP引物在33份种质中共扩增到2 423个片段,2 394个具有多态性。烟草属33份种质的遗传相似系数在0.021-0.860,平均为0.269。当相似系数为0.309时,28份野生烟草按其亚属聚为3类。2个栽培烟草种的5份不同类型烟草与其对应的可能祖先种首先聚为一类。在不同类型普通烟草中扩增到的AFLP共有片段,有97.7%可以在其可能的祖先种中找到。【结论】烟草属植物具有丰富的遗传多样性。栽培烟草进化过程中,其假设的祖先亲本都有一定贡献,其中N.sylvestris对普通烟草的形成贡献最大。     

Impact of Fusarium oxysporum on the holoparasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa: biocontrol efficacy under field-grown conditions

Under the changing agro-climatic conditions of western Europe, the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa infests host crops such as tomato, hemp, tobacco and oilseed rape at an increasing rate. A Fusarium oxysporum isolate (FOG), that had effectively reduced the parasite's incidence under controlled environmental conditions, was tested in different granular formulations (pesta granules, alginate pellets) on P. ramosa parasitising tobacco under field-grown conditions. FOG reduced number and biomass of P. ramosa shoots by between 50% and 70% in three consecutive years (2006–2008). A single pesta application did not show consistent results throughout seasons; 50% reduction of P. ramosa biomass (DM) in the first year could not be repeated in the following years (20–30%). An alginate formulation applied alone performed better. However, a combination of pesta granules with alginate pellets had the highest reliable control efficacy (60–70%) of all treatments in two seasons, compared with the untreated control. Fungal population counts in soil samples did not show a close correlation to biocontrol efficacy. To understand field performance of this biocontrol agent, additional glasshouse and laboratory studies were conducted using soil from the experimental site. The glasshouse study revealed some fungistatic effects of the field soil that partly explain the reduced efficacy (-40%) in the field compared with results obtained under controlled conditions. Results show the potential of FOG for P. ramosa control. Because formulation affected the biocontrol efficacy, it may be worthwhile to test how the delivery system can be changed in order to achieve increased disease development in the field.     

A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the identification of Nicotiana tabacum in tobacco products

A simple and specific real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan^® technology has been developed for the identification of cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in various commodities such as cigars, cigarettes and reconstituted tobacco. The TaqMan^® assay targets a sequence of the putrescine N-methyltransferase gene family encoding an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of nicotine. To reduce the possibility of false negatives, universal plant chloroplast primers were also used in a separate real-time PCR reaction to give indication if DNA is amplifiable in the matrix. The TaqMan^® assay successfully identified tobacco in over 40 commercial tobacco products, while negative results were obtained from the assay for DNA extracted from a variety of other botanical products. In our study, two commercial DNA isolation kits were used, namely, the Qiagen DNeasy^® Plant Mini kit and the Qiagen Gentra^® Puregene^® kit. They produced good quality DNAs in sufficient quantities for real-time PCR analysis. In a few cases, an additional purification step with the Promega DNA IQ™ system had to be implemented to obtain amplifiable DNA.     

烟草不同组织总RNA的提取方法初探

【研究目的】寻找烟草各个组织总RNA最佳的提取方法。【方法】以烟草K326的根、茎、叶、蕾、花和种子为材料,分别采用试剂盒法、Trizol法和CTAB法提取烟草6个组织总RNA进行对比。【结果】烟草不同组织总RNA提取方法有所不同,试剂盒法和Trizol法只能提取出根、茎、叶、蕾和花的总RNA,而不能提取种子总RNA;CTAB法能提取出6个组织的RNA。3种方法提取的RNA质量好,均能满足RT-PCR以及后续实验的要求。【结论】试剂盒法较Trizol法和CTAB法简单、快捷,适合于烟草除种子以外其余组织总RNA快速提取,CTAB法适合烟草所有组织总RNA提取。     

烟草SKP1基因cDNA的克隆分析及原核表达

应用DDRT-PCR法获得可被壳寡糖诱导的枯斑三生烟SKP1基因cDNA的3’端序列,通过5’ RACE扩增该基因cDNA的5’ 端,进而扩增此基因cDNA的全长,通过同源性比较分析,与本塞姆氏烟草的SKP1基因同源性达81%,其cDNA全长653 bp(GenBank登录号：AY702087),其中编码区位于73~540 bp,编码一条155个氨基酸的多肽。经预测该多肽的分子量为17 527.78 Da,等电点为4.57,定位于细胞质,功能结构域分析结果显示在4~105位氨基酸有一明显的Skp1结构域,其E值为1.25e-52,因此推断该基因为枯斑三生烟的SKP1基因。将该基因编码区亚克隆到原核表达载体pET23b(+)上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),表达出与预测分子量一致的蛋白。为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

烟草薄层培养的花芽诱导和开花梯度的研究

普通烟草(Nicotina tabacum L.c.v.Samsun)营养生长植株和开花植株表皮薄层在生长素和细胞分裂素配比下,可诱导花原基和成花。不同部位茎表皮薄层外植体的生化分析表明;α-淀粉酶活性向顶递增,而过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶水平向顶递减。在营养生长植株中内源游离 IAA 含量变化不显著,而在开花植株中,花梗表皮薄层游离 IAA 含